On the VPN thread, here's a good article sent in by a student of ours detailing the deep centralisation of the VPN provider market, showing just how consolidated and concentrated it is behind the scenes
https://codamail.com/articles/vpn_exposed.html
The need to shift away from dangerously expansive centralisations of tech power is just as valid for virtual private networking as it is for any digital tooling we use.
The fight for the basic right to privacy must be decentralised, or that fight is already lost.