@f4grx @Catwoman69y2k @nirak @JessicaAnnEng Exactly. The closed part does need to be topped up occasionally, and it does have some nasty biocides in it, but it mostly doesn’t matter. If they didn’t use water, they would use R-134a or some other refrigerant for the whole coolant loop. The issue is those evaporative systems they pretend they don’t use.
For anybody unfamiliar, these systems are also called pre-chillers, and they operate like swamp coolers, as I mentioned. They humidify the outside air before it passes through the heat exchangers to take heat from the coolant loop. Humid air carries more heat than dry air, so this lets them dump the heat with much lower airflow, meaning they can handle a given heat load with far fewer exchangers.
Power plants have those big steam towers for the same reason. Non-photovoltaic electricity is almost exclusively generated through the movement of heat. Water is heated into super-pressurized steam, the steam turns a turbine, then the steam cools back into water. The limit on the power a given facility can generate is almost always its ability to dump the heat from the steam. Same with the work a datacenter can do.