Holistic in spades (or maybe here by ML).
"Building on a structured literature review, the methodology integrates in situ listening, full-spectrum acoustic recordings, acoustic analysis, interviews, and operational, environmental, and electricity market data. I explore its potential through preliminary fieldwork at hydropower stations in Norway, focusing on a grid failure that triggered changes in turbine operations and spillway flows at Vamma. Listening and triangulating recordings with operational and market data reveal connections between electricity systems, physical infrastructure, and local soundscapes. Importantly, thinking with sound also changed the questions we asked, revealing different understandings of uncertainty among researchers and hydropower operators. These initial investigations highlight both the potential and limitations of an integrated sonic methodology. They also raise questions about how existing listening modes privilege particular frequencies, environments, and actors, with implications for acoustic justice and environmental governance. I argue that listening offers more than additional data: it provides a different way of knowing energy infrastructures andl investigating the interconnected relationships between markets, technologies, water, and human and more-than-human environments."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629626005244?dgcid=rss_sd_al