@Lunaphied @helle Exile wouldn't be practical as a substitute for, say, capital crimes, because what country would want to take them — at least, without guarantees of some sort of human rights violation — but I actually think exile for democratic endangerment could probably be instituted without much trouble. Most of the potential offenders are wealthy enough that other countries would be happy to have them come spend some money there for a while. They tend to do that anyway.