Is ℕ∞ an oddity among the zoo of types, by having these outrageously nice constructive properties?
Perhaps.
But there are as many such outrageously nice types as there are ordinals for which you can define "codes".
(I) Given any such ordinal α, we can find a well-ordered type X(α) whose order type is ≥ α and X(α) has such outrageously nice constructive properties.
This is in TypeTopology, but, unfortunately, I didn't get to write a paper about this yet, although I've given many talks with different angles about this situation.
(II) And what are the ordinals α for which we can define codes in type theory in practice?
They e.g. go well above the Feferman–Schütte ordinal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feferman%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCtte_ordinal
as shown by Anton Setzer.
So we have an outrageously large zoo of outrageously nice types, by combining (I) and (II).
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