@adrian I have to say, I was similarly skeptical of HLS, for a very similar reason -- HLS originally came in with the promise of 'some day, you will be able to type some SystemC, and I'll just make the hardware for you that does it'. The last I looked at HLS was a few years ago, but certainly that was not what the state of the art accomplished then! Xilinx's tool, at the time, needed a lot of handholding -- to the same extent as you need to write only the synthesis subset of Verilog in order to effectively specify digital logic in Verilog, it seemed like you needed to write some ill-defined synthesis subset of SystemC to make it generate the logic that you wanted, and to guide the tool towards generating an architecture that would meet your PPA goals.
On the other hand, the higher end commercial HLS tools were actually relatively usable, or so said my RTL colleagues at nvidia -- it might have been the case that that Catapult actually had a meaningfully-specified subset of what you could type that would result in a usable architecture.
So, that said, if you think about "Verilog is a language in which you write things that look like netlists in" rather than "Verilog is a language that you can use the entire grammar of", is *that* particular thing outside of what's possible to do with an LLM? Having spent no time actually playing with the darned things, I had kind of assumed that's what you would do LLM fine-tuning for (teach the LLM to please stop generating non-synthesizable Verilog, and instead be more careful about writing things that explicitly look like DFFs and RAMs and muxes). *That* part seems ok with me [1].
The real hard part about designing hardware, for me, is that per gate that I produce, or per line of RTL that I write, there's a lot more architectural exploration and macro-level planning, as compared to when I write software. That's the kind of thing that trips up novice hardware designers, but more than that, it is the kind of thing that I expect an LLM to be particularly bad at. I spend a *lot* of time going back up and thinking "hm, no, I just realized that is going to be a long path if I don't precompute this in a previous pipeline stage", or some such, and then rewriting a lot of architecture.
Are there mitigations for *that*? People seem to be doing research on making LLMs plan ahead. I am skeptical that that is going to happen in any meaningful capacity, and that seems like a prerequisite for an LLM being a tolerable hardware architect. My priors are still that the things are mostly a waste of perfectly good ocean boiling, and that my hopes are that the music will stop soon so that we can all go back to doing useful things with our lives. But, all this is to say, I was surprised by HLS actually being useful on the high end, and I guess I could at least believe that there would be a path to surprising me again.
[1] Sort of. I mean, the other big problem is that the training set for good Verilog basically does not exist. Big companies write Verilog in their own in-house higher-level wrappers, and anyway, you can't get their stuff. Open source stuff mostly just isn't industrial-strength, for many reasons. And the *vast* majority of *any* content that you find written in Verilog is undergrads pasting truly unfixably atrocious code into forums asking why the tool dumped core!
