Found a CEA-608 encoding anomaly on the Little Shop of Horrors VHS (catalog no. 11702). The subtitle is encoded as "CANAPé" instead of "CANAPÉ" as would be following the style.
The usual style for captions is: all-uppercase letters for dialog, normal case letters for whispering.
Why does this anomaly exist: due to CEA-608 encoding specification and desire to support legacy subtitle decoders. Lowercase "é" is part of the basic set (1 byte: 0x5C), so it is widely supported. Uppercase "É" is part of the extended character set 1 (a later extension).
It's a choice... the uppercase "É" is encoded by three bytes: 0x45 0x12 0x21. This prints E and then transmits a control code which - if supported - will backspace and write É over it.
So there IS a way to encode this in a correct way, but they went with the safe way. CEA-608 specification requires accented letters to be replaced with their non-accented equivalents - so encoding "é, backspaced and overwritten with É" can be non-trivial.
#vhs #retrotech