Interesting paper: People were asked to do a programming task that involved the use of a new library. Half had AI support, half didn't. People who used AI were not significantly faster, but they learned significantly less, on average, as measured by an extensive post-task quiz.

The neat bit is that the authors analyzed the strategies that people employed when using AI. There were 3 strategies that people chose for themselves that did support learning.

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.20245